![]() The atomic mass is carried by the atomic nucleus, which occupies only about 10 -12 of the total volume of the atom or less, but it contains all the positive charge and at least 99.95% of the total mass of the atom. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Antimony are 121, 123. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.įor stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. ![]() The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The g-factors at the binary, bisectrix and trigonal directions are ~15, 16.8, 3.5 and 4.5, 18.0, 14.5 for the principal branches of electrons and holes, respectively.Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in AntimonyĪntimony is a chemical element with atomic number 51 which means there are 51 protons in its nucleus. The choice of hole g-factors was made from a comparison with spin resonance data. ![]() These values are consistent with spin resonance and infinite field phase measurements. The choice of g-factors for electrons from the several possibilities allowed by the data analysis was determined through a theoretical calculation in the effective mass approximation. The excellent agreement between the results of these methods suggests the validity of the Lifshitz-Kosevich equation for antimony and the absence of non-linear effects. A measurement of the g-factors at certain field directions was also obtained from spin-splitting of the oscillations observed at high magnetic fields. Possible g-factors were deduced from the harmonic content in the oscillation waveform following the method described by Randles. Antimony g-factors of holes and electrons were also determined by the dHvA effect using the torque and field modulation methods. The present results are compared with previous dHvA results on antimony-tin alloys. Estimates of the Fermi surface volume of the alloys indicated that each Te atom contributes one electron to the alloy. This dependence resulted from the nonparabolicity of the Sb bands. The cyclotron masses of electrons and holes changed with concentration. At the highest concentration, the increase is about 25% that of pure Sb and the decrease is about 20%. The hole and electron frequencies decreased and increased respectively, as predicted by the rigid band model. The dHvA frequencies, cyclotron masses, and Dingle temperatures of antimony-tellurium alloys with up to 0.11 at.% Te were measured using the low frequency field modulation technique. Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:Īlloying Effects and the g-factor in Antimony measured by the de Haas-van Alphen Effect
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